Assay apoptosis in magnetically bioprinted HepG2 spheroids

Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been used for over a century to investigate a wide range of cellular processes. However, more recent studies have shown that responses in 2D systems can differ significantly from those seen in vivo (Duval et al., 2017). A variety of methods for transforming 2D cultures into 3D spheroids have been devised, but many of these require a long time to form spheroids that can be difficult to handle.