Determination of Anabolic Steroids in Horse Urine by SPE and LC-MS/MS

Anabolic steroids are used illegally in horse racing to enhance performance. The compounds are excreted in urine either as glucuronide or sulfated conjugate. To test for steroids in horse urine samples undergo an enzymatic deconjugation to release the parent compounds before extraction. Working with horse urine matrix is challenging and generally unpleasant.