The Automated SPE Assay of Fipronil and its Metabolites from Bee Pollen

Fipronil is used as a pesticide on crops that are pollinated by bees. Fipronil’s metabolites are toxic and study of the metabolites have been increasing. Automation of this separation technique would provide laboratories with an efficient method to extract the fipronil and its metabolites for analytical analysis. SPE is utilized for this extraction with verification via HPLC. Lower levels of detection can be achieved using LC-MS or GC-MS.