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In humans, there are two A-type cyclins – an embryonic-specific cyclin A1 and a somatic cyclin A2. Cyclin A1 is only expressed in meiosis and very early embryos, whereas cyclin A2 is present in proliferating somatic cells. Cyclin A2 is a 48 kDa protein composed of 432 amino-acids. Cyclins control the activation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) by associating with them to form a cyclin-CDK complex able to phosphorylate selected proteins and to induce downstream processes. The cyclin A2-CDK2 complex initiates DNA replication and is required for S phase progression. For passage through G2 to M phase, cyclin A2 complexes to the CDK1 (also called CDC2). Cyclin A2 is degraded via the ubiquitin-dependant proteolysis pathway in the early phases of mitosis.