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Methylation of mammalian DNA has long been recognized to play a major role in a number of cellular functions such as development and control of gene expression. It is generally associated with the repressive chromatin state. The complex series of events leading to this repressive state involve the coordinated regulation of DNA methyltransferases and two other groups of proteins called the Methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBD proteins) and the Kaiso family of proteins. The MBD family of proteins include MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3 and MBD4. MeCP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2, PPMX, MRX16, MRX79, MRXSL, AUTSX3, MRXS13) is a chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. It can bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. It is not influenced by sequences flanking the methyl-CpGs. Mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase and the corepressor SIN3A.