Dihydrolipoic Acid
Antioxidant; Reducing agent
Dihydrolipoic Acid
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Dihydrolipoic Acid (DHLA) is the reduced form of alpha-lipoic acid, and is a carboxylic acid containing two thiol groups (Moini et al.). It acts as a general antioxidant that is highly reactive against a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite, at concentrations ranging from 0.01 - 0.5 mM (Moini et al.). Dihydrolipoic acid has also been shown to recycle ubiquinone to the antioxidant active divalently reduced form (Nohl & Gille). Conversely, at concentrations higher than 50 - 100 μM, Dihydrolipoic acid directly increases the ROS content, along with a significant increase in cytoplasmic free calcium and nitric oxide (NO) levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases-9 and -3, and cell death (Chan et al.; Houng et al.).
MAINTENANCE & SELF-RENEWAL
- Induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC-B5) at a concentration range of 50 - 100 μM and consequently causes cell death at higher concentrations (Chan et al.; Houng et al.).
METABOLISM
- Reduces cytochrome b561, thereby decreasing ascorbate recycling and iron absorption (Bérczi et al.).
