ISX-9

ISX-9 is a small molecule inducer of adult neural stem cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo (Schneider et al.). It has been shown to act through a calcium-activated signaling pathway dependent on myocyte-enhancer factor 2 (MEF2)-dependent gene expression (Schneider et al.; Petrik et al.).

REPROGRAMMING

• Direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts to mature neurons, in combination with CHIR99021, Forskolin , SB431542, and I-BET151 (Li et al.).

DIFFERENTIATION

• Induces neuronal differentiation in the HCN hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cell line from adult rat, in whole brain or subventricular zone neural progenitor cells from adult mice, and in P19 embryonic carcinoma cells (Schneider et al.).
• Improves hippocampal neurogenesis and function in mice (Petrik et al.).
• Stimulates cardiac muscle gene expression and cell cycle activity in adult mouse myocardium (Russell et al.).
• Blocks tumor cell proliferation and induces neuronal gene expression in malignant astrocytes (Zhang et al.).
• Improves β-cell function, increases expression of transcription factors that enhance β-cell differentiation and increases intracellular insulin content in primary human islet cultures (Dioum et al.).