Phalloidin Conjugates
A highly selective actin filament stain for fixed and permeabilized cells. Labeled phalloidins have similar affinity for both large and small filaments.
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A toxin isolated from the deadly Amanita phalloides mushroom. It is a bicyclic peptide that binds specifically to F-actin. When conjugated to a fluorescent label, it will stain actin filaments in fixed and permeabilized cells.
- Choice of 17 bright & photostable CF® Dyes, biotin, or other common fluorophores
- Dye options for super-resolution and 2-photon imaging
- Excellent signal to background with negligible non-specific staining
Note: Biotium also offers ActinBrite™ High Affinity Phalloidin Conjugates which were designed to preserve high phalloidin affinity for F-actin, resulting in bright staining that can be imaged more than one month after staining with minimal loss of signal or specificity.
Fluorescently-labeled phalloidins bind to F-actin with nanomolar affinity. Labeled phalloidins have similar affinity for both large and small filaments, binding in a stoichiometric ratio of about one phalloidin molecule per actin subunit in muscle and nonmuscle cells from various species of plants, animals and fungi. Different from antibodies, the binding affinity of phalloidin does not change significantly with actin among different species.
Fluorescently-labeled phalloidin is typically used to stain fixed and permeabilized cells. Labeled phalloidins are not cell-permeant and have therefore not been used extensively with living cells, however they can be loaded into live cells via cationic liposomes.
Phalloidin stock solutions are very stable. But binding of fluorescent phalloidins to cells is more labile than other probes, such as antibodies, and staining can become non-specific or lost over time. For best results, store phalloidin-stained samples in a suitable mounting medium at 4°C, protected from light. For certain phalloidin conjugates, especially CF®405M, CF®647, and CF®680, we recommend imaging immediately or shortly after staining. Staining with our other CF® Dye phalloidins usually is stable for up to a week when specimens are stored at 4°C, protected from light.
For stable F-actin staining, Biotium recommends ActinBrite™ High Affinity Phalloidin Conjugates which were designed to preserve strong F-actin binding. With ActinBrite™, samples can be imaged after for a month or more (depending on the conjugate and mounting method)—making delayed imaging easier and more dependable.
